Instruction manual for the ILAE 2017 operational classification of seizure types.
Identifieur interne : 000973 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000972; suivant : 000974Instruction manual for the ILAE 2017 operational classification of seizure types.
Auteurs : Robert S. Fisher [États-Unis] ; J Helen Cross [Royaume-Uni] ; Carol D'Souza [Inde] ; Jacqueline A. French [États-Unis] ; Sheryl R. Haut [États-Unis] ; Norimichi Higurashi [Japon] ; Edouard Hirsch [France] ; Floor E. Jansen [Pays-Bas] ; Lieven Lagae [Belgique] ; Solomon L. Moshé [États-Unis] ; Jukka Peltola [Finlande] ; Eliane Roulet Perez [Suisse] ; Ingrid E. Scheffer [Australie] ; Andreas Schulze-Bonhage [Allemagne] ; Ernest Somerville [Australie] ; Michael Sperling [États-Unis] ; Elza Márcia Yacubian [Brésil] ; Sameer M. Zuberi [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Epilepsia [ 1528-1167 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- normes : Agences internationales.
- physiopathologie : Crises épileptiques.
- Conscience immédiate, Crises épileptiques, Humains, Terminologie comme sujet, Électroencéphalographie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- classification : Seizures.
- physiopathology : Seizures.
- standards : International Agencies.
- Awareness, Electroencephalography, Humans, Terminology as Topic.
Abstract
This companion paper to the introduction of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 classification of seizure types provides guidance on how to employ the classification. Illustration of the classification is enacted by tables, a glossary of relevant terms, mapping of old to new terms, suggested abbreviations, and examples. Basic and extended versions of the classification are available, depending on the desired degree of detail. Key signs and symptoms of seizures (semiology) are used as a basis for categories of seizures that are focal or generalized from onset or with unknown onset. Any focal seizure can further be optionally characterized by whether awareness is retained or impaired. Impaired awareness during any segment of the seizure renders it a focal impaired awareness seizure. Focal seizures are further optionally characterized by motor onset signs and symptoms: atonic, automatisms, clonic, epileptic spasms, or hyperkinetic, myoclonic, or tonic activity. Nonmotor-onset seizures can manifest as autonomic, behavior arrest, cognitive, emotional, or sensory dysfunction. The earliest prominent manifestation defines the seizure type, which might then progress to other signs and symptoms. Focal seizures can become bilateral tonic-clonic. Generalized seizures engage bilateral networks from onset. Generalized motor seizure characteristics comprise atonic, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, myoclonic-atonic, myoclonic-tonic-clonic, tonic, or tonic-clonic. Nonmotor (absence) seizures are typical or atypical, or seizures that present prominent myoclonic activity or eyelid myoclonia. Seizures of unknown onset may have features that can still be classified as motor, nonmotor, tonic-clonic, epileptic spasms, or behavior arrest. This "users' manual" for the ILAE 2017 seizure classification will assist the adoption of the new system.
DOI: 10.1111/epi.13671
PubMed: 28276064
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Belgique, Brésil, Finlande, France, Inde, Japon, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, États-Unis
- Alsace (région administrative), Angleterre, Bade-Wurtemberg, Californie, Canton de Vaud, District de Fribourg-en-Brisgau, Grand Est, Grand Londres, Pennsylvanie, Région de Kantō, Utrecht (province), Victoria (État), État de New York, État de São Paulo
- Fribourg-en-Brisgau, Lausanne, Londres, Melbourne, Strasbourg, São Paulo, Tokyo, Utrecht
- Université de Melbourne
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Moshé</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Dominick P. Purpura Department Neuroscience, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Dominick P. Purpura Department Neuroscience, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peltola, Jukka" sort="Peltola, Jukka" uniqKey="Peltola J" first="Jukka" last="Peltola">Jukka Peltola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tampere</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roulet Perez, Eliane" sort="Roulet Perez, Eliane" uniqKey="Roulet Perez E" first="Eliane" last="Roulet Perez">Eliane Roulet Perez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Unit, CHUV, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheffer, Ingrid E" sort="Scheffer, Ingrid E" uniqKey="Scheffer I" first="Ingrid E" last="Scheffer">Ingrid E. Scheffer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Florey Institute and University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Florey Institute and University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze Bonhage, Andreas" sort="Schulze Bonhage, Andreas" uniqKey="Schulze Bonhage A" first="Andreas" last="Schulze-Bonhage">Andreas Schulze-Bonhage</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Epilepsy Center, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Epilepsy Center, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Fribourg-en-Brisgau</region><settlement type="city">Fribourg-en-Brisgau</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Somerville, Ernest" sort="Somerville, Ernest" uniqKey="Somerville E" first="Ernest" last="Somerville">Ernest Somerville</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New South Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sperling, Michael" sort="Sperling, Michael" uniqKey="Sperling M" first="Michael" last="Sperling">Michael Sperling</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yacubian, Elza Marcia" sort="Yacubian, Elza Marcia" uniqKey="Yacubian E" first="Elza Márcia" last="Yacubian">Elza Márcia Yacubian</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research and Treatment Unit, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research and Treatment Unit, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zuberi, Sameer M" sort="Zuberi, Sameer M" uniqKey="Zuberi S" first="Sameer M" last="Zuberi">Sameer M. Zuberi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Glasgow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28276064</idno><idno type="pmid">28276064</idno><idno type="doi">10.1111/epi.13671</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000E61</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000E61</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000E58</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000E58</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000E58</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000E58</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">004441</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">004441</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">004441</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000968</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000973</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000973</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Instruction manual for the ILAE 2017 operational classification of seizure types.</title><author><name sortKey="Fisher, Robert S" sort="Fisher, Robert S" uniqKey="Fisher R" first="Robert S" last="Fisher">Robert S. Fisher</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Stanford Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford, California, U.S.A.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Stanford Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cross, J Helen" sort="Cross, J Helen" uniqKey="Cross J" first="J Helen" last="Cross">J Helen Cross</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>UCL-Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>UCL-Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Souza, Carol" sort="D Souza, Carol" uniqKey="D Souza C" first="Carol" last="D'Souza">Carol D'Souza</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bombay Epilepsy Society, Mumbai, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Bombay Epilepsy Society, Mumbai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mumbai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="French, Jacqueline A" sort="French, Jacqueline A" uniqKey="French J" first="Jacqueline A" last="French">Jacqueline A. French</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haut, Sheryl R" sort="Haut, Sheryl R" uniqKey="Haut S" first="Sheryl R" last="Haut">Sheryl R. Haut</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, U.S.A.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Higurashi, Norimichi" sort="Higurashi, Norimichi" uniqKey="Higurashi N" first="Norimichi" last="Higurashi">Norimichi Higurashi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Tokyo</settlement><region type="région">Région de Kantō</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hirsch, Edouard" sort="Hirsch, Edouard" uniqKey="Hirsch E" first="Edouard" last="Hirsch">Edouard Hirsch</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Unite Francis Rohmer, Strasbourg, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Unite Francis Rohmer, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Grand Est</region><region type="old region">Alsace (région administrative)</region><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, Floor E" sort="Jansen, Floor E" uniqKey="Jansen F" first="Floor E" last="Jansen">Floor E. Jansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lagae, Lieven" sort="Lagae, Lieven" uniqKey="Lagae L" first="Lieven" last="Lagae">Lieven Lagae</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Leuven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moshe, Solomon L" sort="Moshe, Solomon L" uniqKey="Moshe S" first="Solomon L" last="Moshé">Solomon L. Moshé</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Dominick P. Purpura Department Neuroscience, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, U.S.A.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Dominick P. Purpura Department Neuroscience, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peltola, Jukka" sort="Peltola, Jukka" uniqKey="Peltola J" first="Jukka" last="Peltola">Jukka Peltola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tampere</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roulet Perez, Eliane" sort="Roulet Perez, Eliane" uniqKey="Roulet Perez E" first="Eliane" last="Roulet Perez">Eliane Roulet Perez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Unit, CHUV, Lausanne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheffer, Ingrid E" sort="Scheffer, Ingrid E" uniqKey="Scheffer I" first="Ingrid E" last="Scheffer">Ingrid E. Scheffer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Florey Institute and University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Florey Institute and University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement><region type="état">Victoria (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze Bonhage, Andreas" sort="Schulze Bonhage, Andreas" uniqKey="Schulze Bonhage A" first="Andreas" last="Schulze-Bonhage">Andreas Schulze-Bonhage</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Epilepsy Center, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Epilepsy Center, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Fribourg-en-Brisgau</region><settlement type="city">Fribourg-en-Brisgau</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Somerville, Ernest" sort="Somerville, Ernest" uniqKey="Somerville E" first="Ernest" last="Somerville">Ernest Somerville</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New South Wales</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sperling, Michael" sort="Sperling, Michael" uniqKey="Sperling M" first="Michael" last="Sperling">Michael Sperling</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yacubian, Elza Marcia" sort="Yacubian, Elza Marcia" uniqKey="Yacubian E" first="Elza Márcia" last="Yacubian">Elza Márcia Yacubian</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research and Treatment Unit, São Paulo, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research and Treatment Unit, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zuberi, Sameer M" sort="Zuberi, Sameer M" uniqKey="Zuberi S" first="Sameer M" last="Zuberi">Sameer M. Zuberi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Glasgow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Epilepsia</title><idno type="eISSN">1528-1167</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Awareness</term><term>Electroencephalography</term><term>Humans</term><term>International Agencies (standards)</term><term>Seizures (classification)</term><term>Seizures (physiopathology)</term><term>Terminology as Topic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agences internationales (normes)</term><term>Conscience immédiate</term><term>Crises épileptiques ()</term><term>Crises épileptiques (physiopathologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Terminologie comme sujet</term><term>Électroencéphalographie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Seizures</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="normes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agences internationales</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Crises épileptiques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Seizures</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="standards" xml:lang="en"><term>International Agencies</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Awareness</term><term>Electroencephalography</term><term>Humans</term><term>Terminology as Topic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Conscience immédiate</term><term>Crises épileptiques</term><term>Humains</term><term>Terminologie comme sujet</term><term>Électroencéphalographie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This companion paper to the introduction of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017 classification of seizure types provides guidance on how to employ the classification. Illustration of the classification is enacted by tables, a glossary of relevant terms, mapping of old to new terms, suggested abbreviations, and examples. Basic and extended versions of the classification are available, depending on the desired degree of detail. Key signs and symptoms of seizures (semiology) are used as a basis for categories of seizures that are focal or generalized from onset or with unknown onset. Any focal seizure can further be optionally characterized by whether awareness is retained or impaired. Impaired awareness during any segment of the seizure renders it a focal impaired awareness seizure. Focal seizures are further optionally characterized by motor onset signs and symptoms: atonic, automatisms, clonic, epileptic spasms, or hyperkinetic, myoclonic, or tonic activity. Nonmotor-onset seizures can manifest as autonomic, behavior arrest, cognitive, emotional, or sensory dysfunction. The earliest prominent manifestation defines the seizure type, which might then progress to other signs and symptoms. Focal seizures can become bilateral tonic-clonic. Generalized seizures engage bilateral networks from onset. Generalized motor seizure characteristics comprise atonic, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, myoclonic-atonic, myoclonic-tonic-clonic, tonic, or tonic-clonic. Nonmotor (absence) seizures are typical or atypical, or seizures that present prominent myoclonic activity or eyelid myoclonia. Seizures of unknown onset may have features that can still be classified as motor, nonmotor, tonic-clonic, epileptic spasms, or behavior arrest. This "users' manual" for the ILAE 2017 seizure classification will assist the adoption of the new system.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Belgique</li><li>Brésil</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Inde</li><li>Japon</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Alsace (région administrative)</li><li>Angleterre</li><li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li><li>Californie</li><li>Canton de Vaud</li><li>District de Fribourg-en-Brisgau</li><li>Grand Est</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Région de Kantō</li><li>Utrecht (province)</li><li>Victoria (État)</li><li>État de New York</li><li>État de São Paulo</li></region><settlement><li>Fribourg-en-Brisgau</li><li>Lausanne</li><li>Londres</li><li>Melbourne</li><li>Strasbourg</li><li>São Paulo</li><li>Tokyo</li><li>Utrecht</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Melbourne</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Fisher, Robert S" sort="Fisher, Robert S" uniqKey="Fisher R" first="Robert S" last="Fisher">Robert S. Fisher</name></region><name sortKey="French, Jacqueline A" sort="French, Jacqueline A" uniqKey="French J" first="Jacqueline A" last="French">Jacqueline A. French</name><name sortKey="Haut, Sheryl R" sort="Haut, Sheryl R" uniqKey="Haut S" first="Sheryl R" last="Haut">Sheryl R. Haut</name><name sortKey="Moshe, Solomon L" sort="Moshe, Solomon L" uniqKey="Moshe S" first="Solomon L" last="Moshé">Solomon L. Moshé</name><name sortKey="Sperling, Michael" sort="Sperling, Michael" uniqKey="Sperling M" first="Michael" last="Sperling">Michael Sperling</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Cross, J Helen" sort="Cross, J Helen" uniqKey="Cross J" first="J Helen" last="Cross">J Helen Cross</name></region><name sortKey="Zuberi, Sameer M" sort="Zuberi, Sameer M" uniqKey="Zuberi S" first="Sameer M" last="Zuberi">Sameer M. Zuberi</name></country><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="D Souza, Carol" sort="D Souza, Carol" uniqKey="D Souza C" first="Carol" last="D'Souza">Carol D'Souza</name></noRegion></country><country name="Japon"><region name="Région de Kantō"><name sortKey="Higurashi, Norimichi" sort="Higurashi, Norimichi" uniqKey="Higurashi N" first="Norimichi" last="Higurashi">Norimichi Higurashi</name></region></country><country name="France"><region name="Grand Est"><name sortKey="Hirsch, Edouard" sort="Hirsch, Edouard" uniqKey="Hirsch E" first="Edouard" last="Hirsch">Edouard Hirsch</name></region></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Utrecht (province)"><name sortKey="Jansen, Floor E" sort="Jansen, Floor E" uniqKey="Jansen F" first="Floor E" last="Jansen">Floor E. Jansen</name></region></country><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lagae, Lieven" sort="Lagae, Lieven" uniqKey="Lagae L" first="Lieven" last="Lagae">Lieven Lagae</name></noRegion></country><country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Peltola, Jukka" sort="Peltola, Jukka" uniqKey="Peltola J" first="Jukka" last="Peltola">Jukka Peltola</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Vaud"><name sortKey="Roulet Perez, Eliane" sort="Roulet Perez, Eliane" uniqKey="Roulet Perez E" first="Eliane" last="Roulet Perez">Eliane Roulet Perez</name></region></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Victoria (État)"><name sortKey="Scheffer, Ingrid E" sort="Scheffer, Ingrid E" uniqKey="Scheffer I" first="Ingrid E" last="Scheffer">Ingrid E. Scheffer</name></region><name sortKey="Somerville, Ernest" sort="Somerville, Ernest" uniqKey="Somerville E" first="Ernest" last="Somerville">Ernest Somerville</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bade-Wurtemberg"><name sortKey="Schulze Bonhage, Andreas" sort="Schulze Bonhage, Andreas" uniqKey="Schulze Bonhage A" first="Andreas" last="Schulze-Bonhage">Andreas Schulze-Bonhage</name></region></country><country name="Brésil"><region name="État de São Paulo"><name sortKey="Yacubian, Elza Marcia" sort="Yacubian, Elza Marcia" uniqKey="Yacubian E" first="Elza Márcia" last="Yacubian">Elza Márcia Yacubian</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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